All-Purpose Gluten-Free Flour Substitute Recipe (2024)

Why It Works

  • The characteristics of standard all-purpose flour are recreated by blending a combination of starches, gums, and proteins.

I've been a huge fan of Aki and Alex of the blogIdeas in Foodever since I was a little chef-ling burning meat as a line cook in Boston. In fact, talk toanycook of my generation and ask them what they were reading when they were learning to cook, and chances are Ideas in Food will come up. It's the prototypical food nerd's cooking blog, packed with crazy ideas and inventive techniques.

Their first two books,Ideas in FoodandMaximum Flavorwere game-changers in culinary writing, proof that any cook can always learn new tricks. With their newest book,Gluten-Free Flour Power, they turn their considerable intellect to gluten-free recipes, developing unique solutions for folks who maintain a gluten-free diet. For the next couple weeks, we'll be featuring recipes and writing from the book, starting with three variations on a gluten-free flour substitute that will work in any flour-based recipe. I hope you enjoy it as much as I do. The full book is available for purchase right now.—Kenji

Gluten-free food is not a fad. It's here to stay. For a variety of reasons, mostly health-related, a good percentage of the population now chooses not to eat gluten. You don't have to have made that choice yourself to need a few great gluten-free recipes in your back pocket; you simply have to want to cook for someone who has.

"It's not enough to create recipes that are 'great for gluten-free;' we wanted to create great recipes that just happened to be gluten-free."

This is exciting for us, because we love a challenge. When chefs started calling us to teach gluten-free workshops, we knew we had to step up our game. It's not enough to create recipes that are "great for gluten-free"; we wanted to create great recipes that just happened to be gluten-free. Leaving out the gluten was a crucial parameter in developing these recipes, but the defining measures of success were taste and flavor.

Making Flours Work Like Wheat

Let's start with the basics. At its core, wheat flour is a hydrocolloid, which means it absorbs water and creates gels. Wheat flours, which consist mostly of starch, are classified by their protein content. The amount of protein in the flour is what dictates the elasticity of your bread or pasta dough. Gluten is formed when two proteins,gluteninandgliadin, absorb water or another liquid. Gliadin is sticky and stretchy, giving dough extensibility, and glutenin adds strength and elasticity to a dough. Elasticity refers to the ability of a dough to spring back after it has been stretched. These two proteins work in concert to create gluten.

When gluten absorbs water (a process known as hydration), it forms long, stretchy, elastic strands that define the structure of a batter or dough. Then when you cook it, the heat causes the starch granules to swell up, thickening and forming irreversible bonds with the water, the process called gelatinization. As the water inside the protein network heats, it changes into steam, which forces the network to expand; this is steam leavening. The final step is coagulation. Once the proteins reach a high enough temperature (165°F or 74°C), they begin to solidify, setting the structure of the bread or cake.

"Finding the perfect balance with gluten is an art, and replacing gluten with something else entirely can be challenging."

If you don't develop enough gluten in your bread dough, it won't be able to stretch and the resulting bread will be heavy and dense. If you develop too much gluten in your cake batter, on the other hand, it will become too elastic and the cake will be tough and chewy. Finding the perfect balance with gluten is an art, and replacing gluten with something else entirely can be challenging.

Without the protein in wheat flour, you need to find a new way to build structure in your dough. We do this in our flour blends by using a combination of starches, gums, and proteins that mimics the effects of gluten. We've come up with three different blends to address a variety of dietary needs.

Making your own gluten-free flour may seem like an investment, and it may take some work to collect all the ingredients you'll need, but gram for gram, our homemade flour blends are less expensive than the gluten-free flours sold in stores. Once you've assembled your ingredients, all you need to do is whisk them together, and our blends have everything you need to recreate every gluten recipe in your recipe box.

Our All-Purpose Flour: What IiF Flour 3.0

What if you had a gluten-free flour that worked in any recipe as a gram-for-gram substitute for all-purpose flour? That was the question we asked ourselves when we developed this blend. "IiF" stand for Ideas in Food, our blog, where we published the very first version of this recipe. Alex came up with it for fun after reading the ingredient list on Cup4Cup flour (developed by Lena Kwak and chef Thomas Keller), and it worked beautifully. It's gone through a few changes since the original, hence the 3.0, but it remains the easiest gluten-free blend to work with. It mimics all-purpose flour in recipes, so you can use it as a gram-for-gram substitute anywhere.

For some of other gluten-free blend options, see our whole wheat flour substitute and Aki's low-allergy blend.

Reprinted from Gluten-Free Flour Power: Bringing Your Favorite Foods Back to the Table with permission from W.W. Norton.

August 2015

Recipe Details

All-Purpose Gluten-Free Flour Substitute Recipe

Prep5 mins

Active5 mins

Total5 mins

Serves15to 20 servings

Makes15 1/2 cups

Ingredients

  • 700g cornstarch

  • 500g tapioca starch

  • 300g white rice flour

  • 200g brown rice flour

  • 200g nonfat milk powder

  • 100g potato flour

  • 20g xanthan gum

Directions

  1. Whisk together all the ingredients in a bowl. Store in airtight container at room temperature for up to 6 months.

Special Equipment

Digital scale

Read More

  • What Is Gluten? The Science Behind Great Dough
  • Low-Allergy Gluten-Free Flour Substitute Recipe
  • Whole Wheat Gluten-Free Flour Substitute Recipe
  • Shauna James Ahern's All-Purpose Gluten-Free Flour Mix
  • Our Favorite Gluten-Free Baking Recipes
  • Gluten-free
  • Baking
All-Purpose Gluten-Free Flour Substitute Recipe (2024)

FAQs

How do I substitute gluten-free flour for all purpose? ›

Simply total up the amount of flour called for in the recipe and use that amount of the all purpose gluten free flour instead.

What is the trick to baking with gluten-free flour? ›

Gluten-free flours often contain fine starches, so they absorb more liquid than conventional flour. To address this, gluten-free recipes usually call for more liquid and produce looser batters. They may also call for a larger quantity of leavening, like baking powder, to help add volume and lighten the texture.

What are the ingredients in all purpose gluten-free flour? ›

Rice Flour, Potato Starch, Pea Fiber, Tapioca Starch, Xanthan Gum.

Do you need xanthan gum with gluten-free flour? ›

Xanthan Gum adds thickness and viscosity to gluten-free breads and other baked goods. Without xanthan gum, your gluten-free baked goods would be dry, crumbly and flat. Because xanthan gum is gluten-free and vegan, it's the preferred thickener for those home bakers with food allergies.

What flour can you use if you are gluten-free? ›

For flours that are made from grains (amaranth, buckwheat, corn, millet, quinoa, rice flours, sorghum, and teff), always buy them labeled gluten-free, since many are grown, harvested and processed in facilities that also manufacture wheat, barley, or rye and cross-contact can occur.

Do you need baking powder with gluten-free flour? ›

2 teaspoons of baking powder per cup of gluten-free flour is necessary to ensure proper leavening. Baking soda and buttermilk can be used to leaven instead of baking powder, but 1-1/8 teaspoon of cream of tartar should be added for each 1/2 teaspoon baking soda used.

What gluten-free flour is best for baking? ›

Best Overall: Bob's Red Mill Gluten Free 1-to-1 Baking Flour

This mix, which has all recognizable ingredients (including sweet white rice flour, which is the main ingredient in mochi, a nice light, powdery, starchy flour that doubles as a binder), worked well in all three of our tests.

Can you substitute Bob's Red Mill gluten-free flour for regular flour? ›

You can replace regular wheat flour with the Gluten Free All Purpose Flour 1:1, with the addition of Xanthan Gum for best results.

What can you add to gluten-free flour to make it rise? ›

If making gluten-free self-raising flour, add the baking powder and xanthan gum, then thoroughly mix in. Store in an airtight container (a funnel helps to ensure it all goes in easily if using a large jar) and ideally label it so you can tell it apart from other flour! Store in a dry, cool place for up to 6-8 months.

How do you make gluten-free flour? ›

Gluten-free flours are made by grinding gluten-free grains, seeds, nuts, and other ingredients into a fine powder. We've listed them below, but you may already have a few favorites, like cornmeal for cornbread, buckwheat for pancakes, and almond flour for desserts.

Is it cheaper to make your own gluten-free flour? ›

Making your own gluten-free flour may seem like an investment, and it may take some work to collect all the ingredients you'll need, but gram for gram, our homemade flour blends are less expensive than the gluten-free flours sold in stores.

What is King Arthur gluten-free flour made of? ›

Why it's great: Made from a blend of white rice flour, whole grain brown rice flours, tapioca starch, and potato starch, this flour yields baked goods with no grittiness or aftertaste. How to bake with it: Use in any recipe that calls specifically for gluten-free flour.

What happens if you bake gluten-free without xanthan gum? ›

So, when you try to replace xanthan gum with cornstarch in gluten free baking, you're basically removing the binder and adding a starchy flour – making your gluten free bake both drier and crumblier. (And that's definitely not something you want to do.)

When not to use xanthan gum? ›

Nausea, vomiting, appendicitis, hard stools that are difficult to expel (fecal impaction), narrowing or blockage of the intestine, or undiagnosed stomach pain: Do not use xanthan gum if you have any of these conditions. It is a bulk-forming laxative that could be harmful in these situations.

Can I use cornstarch instead of xanthan gum in gluten-free baking? ›

Just replace your xanthan gum with the same amount of corn starch. Corn starch is an excellent thickener and is very popular, especially in stews and sauces. Replace 1: 1 corn starch with xanthan gum.

Will gluten-free flour rise with yeast? ›

It is often said that gluten-free yeast dough should only be allowed to rise once. This is what I also believed for a long time, but it is not true. There are enough recipes in which the dough is successfully risen twice. I could go on and on for hours about gluten-free yeast dough.

How much extra liquid with gluten-free flour? ›

Adding more liquid than stated in the recipe may be necessary in order to rehydrate gluten-free flour. Add the liquid a tablespoon at a time until the mixture reaches dropping consistency. Baking the cake for an extra 5–10 minutes may be necessary, due to the extra liquid content.

Does gluten-free flour taste the same as regular flour? ›

Baking with gluten-free flour will produce some slight differences in taste or texture. Millet flour tends to have a mild flavor while buckwheat flour lends itself to a more earthy taste. In addition, quinoa flour has a nutty flavor and bean flour can actually sometimes taste like beans.

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